Autumn 2023 ISSUE 3 BUY PDF CONTENTS Click on image for full view and caption We spent a weekend exploring the Waihopai Reserve in Marlborough. ©2023 Marty and Diana Ireland We spent a weekend exploring the Waihopai Reserve in Marlborough. ©2023 Marty and Diana Ireland We spent a weekend exploring the Waihopai Reserve in Marlborough. ©2023 Marty and Diana Ireland Visitors came for lunch and a swimat the Waihopai Reserve in Marlborough. ©2023 Marty and Diana Ireland We spent a weekend exploring the Waihopai Reserve in Marlborough. ©2023 Marty and Diana Ireland Waihopai Reserve Diana and Marty Ireland We spent a weekend exploring the Waihopai Reserve in Marlborough. We came in our Coachman caravan for 2 nights and visitors came for lunch and a swim. The reserve has basic amenities: 2 toilets, kitchen, fresh water, a lounge and a kids play area. Diana and Marty Ireland Up Up 3 Autumn 2023 , p 31

BUY AUTHOR INDEX AUTHORS Click on image for full view and caption More for councils and government, Issue 5 Editor 4 Editorial 4 Freedom camping & self containment status, Spring 2023 4 Freedom camping: who does what 10 Building a connected NZ camping and tourism industry 18 Update: Self-containment and freedom camping changes 26 This is the story of three types of self-contained vehicles … Camping in action 8 The Homestead, St Bathans 11 Lake Monowai campsite 12 Why not stop and stay a while? Introducing Stop and Stay. 15 Pros and Cons of full time family travel 23 Small town: Waiau 25 A small paint kit, a few good brushes… 30 Around my own back yard Up Up , p 2

4 Winter 2023 4 Winter 2023 BUY AUTHOR INDEX AUTHORS Click on image for full view and caption Pegs for tough weather Miriam Richardson These pegs drag into the ground when the wind pulls. Here is a commercial (yellow) peg: Here is a DIY (metal) version (Notice the celever useof red tape and a red tag to make them easy to find in the grass.) This blue peg is also very streng. It uses a second peg to anchor it more firmly in the ground. Photos ©2023 Miriam Richardson Up Up 4 Winter 2023 , p 13

10 summer 2024 Summer 2024 ISSUE 10 BUY PDF ToC Click on image for full view and caption The bridge at the road-end of the Hollyford Valley, Fiordland ©2024 Graham Leslie The bridge at the road-end of the Hollyford Valley, Fiordland ©2024 Graham Leslie Sand dunes at Kawhia ©2024 Graham Leslie Family bushwalk, Punakaiki, West Coast. 2006 ©2024 Graham Leslie Alice and her brother Tom playing in the surf at Kawhia, 2009 ©2024 Graham Leslie Ahh. A step. Little things, like small steps up to a kitchen, gravel paths or high bench tops can make it impossible for someone who uses a wheelchair or a walking aid to access camp facilities independently. ©2024 Graham Leslie Alice and her brother Tom camping at Morison’s Bush ©2024 Graham Leslie Arriving at Morison’s Bush ©2024 Graham Leslie My set up at All Points camp at the Whanganui Vintage weekend ©2024 Graham Leslie Alice cooking dinner on the BBQ at Ohiwa. ©2024 Graham Leslie GO TO Springing Making a campsite accessible involves more than installing accessible toilets Making camping more accessible for everyone Alice Leslie The All Points Camping Club promotes ‘inclusive camping’ or making camping available to all who want to camp. This includes enabling families with young children, disabled people and older people to have positive camping experiences. Many campsites advertise their facilities as ‘accessible’ but from my experience this is often not the reality. Little things, like small steps up to an accessible bathroom, gravel paths or high bench tops can make it impossible for someone who uses a wheelchair or a walking aid to access camp facilities independently (and sometimes even with assistance). Likewise, campgrounds often have hidden challenges for people who have sight or hearing impairments. Many disabilities such as autism are invisible. Making a campsite accessible involves more than installing accessible toilets. Camping has been a huge part of my life Kia ora, I’m Alice. I’m an adult wheelchair user and camping has been a huge part of my life since I was a baby. As I get older the need for accessible campsites is becoming more important so I can carry on camping. Growing up I was very fortunate to have a great family and good friends to help me when access was tricky. We had a running joke in the family that some things are accessible; others are inaccessible and many things are ‘Alice accessible’. This is because I rely (or have relied) heavily on the able-bodied people around me to do things like lift my wheelchair over obstacles or push my chair on difficult surfaces. Much of my camping experience has been at our whanau’s favourite spot — Morison’s Bush in the Wairarapa. I have camped here in tents under large manuka trees on the banks of the Ruamahanga River for the last 30 years. Along with my brother and cousins I played on the grass and riverbank and swam in the river. I am very comfortable camping here as I know what to expect even although there are minimal facilities. We bring our own portapotti and toilet tent. Being able to get out into nature and go places that I would not physically be able to reach on my own is such a joy and privilege. Ninety percent of my childhood memories are from spending time in nature, going on bush walks and camping. Camping and being in nature resets my mental health and I love getting away from the busyness of life and commitments. I am a person who loves being physical as much as I possibly can — wheeling in the bush, swimming in the sea or whatever else I can try. Having accessible facilities and camping areas can only enhance the experiences of nature-loving wheelchair users like me. In recent years my dad has built a removable sleeping platform that fits into the back of my car. Its not a big car but I’m small and the boot door opens sideways. We put a car tent over the back of the car and there is room in here for my wheelchair and portapotti. I now take my own camping vehicle to whanau camps at Morison’s Bush and also have joined in some All Points camps. Accessibility is more than removing physical barriers Disabled people come in all shapes and sizes and have different impairments and requirements. I am small as well as being a wheelchair user so it’s often hard for me to reach the soap or hand dryer in accessible bathrooms. Michelle contacted me to tell me about her accessibility needs. They are quite different from mine. She is autistic and has found that there are definitely some camping facilities that are more or less accessible to her than others. Michelle points out every autistic person is different. She is really sensitive to sensory inputs and can get overwhelmed very easily with people, lights, sounds etc. Like me, Michelle loves camping because it can get her away from busy environments and explore beautiful parts of New Zealand. She told me she loves the peace and stillness of the outdoors, enjoys the fresh air and loves walking and cycling. Michelle enjoys camping in her parents’ small campervan because she struggles with changes and needs to have routine. With the campervan she can have the stress once, as she adjusts from her routine at home to van life. The campervan provides Michelle with a safe place wherever she goes and all her things are with her. She doesn’t have to move from the car to different accommodation, back to the car again, back to the accommodation or to new accommodation and so on. Campgrounds can be quite challenging for Michelle. She usually camps when it’s less busy, avoiding summer and other school holidays. Bathrooms are the hardest part of campground for Michelle. Her family can cook in their van and her travelling companions are the ones who go into the kitchen for drinking water or other things they need. But the bathrooms are unavoidable. With lots of people, hand driers, people talking, fans, harsh lighting and sometimes even music playing she finds using campground bathrooms can be overwhelming and distressing. Accessible bathrooms tend to be a lifesaver for Michelle. Sometimes the lighting is adjustable and there’s generally no background noise from music, hair dryers, hand dryers and voices. Just because someone doesn’t look disabled there can be valid reasons by the need to use accessible facilities and they don’t owe anyone an explanation or information about their disability. Being anxious about camping and facilities Throughout my life I have always felt anxious in the weeks before going away on a camping trip. This is because I don’t know what accessibility challenges I will come across in the new spaces I will be in and what adaptations I will have to make on a daily basis. Once I arrive at a place and have checked out the facilities then my anxiety tends to lessen. Michelle told me that because of an incident in a bathroom during her last camping trip she is really anxious about the bathrooms for her next camping trip. She is also anxious about the facilities when she arrives and she often gets a family member to accompany her to campground bathrooms. Evaluating the accessibility of camping facilities Over the years, I have used a wide variety of campgrounds around both the North and South Island. As a family we developed many workarounds to the challenges of less-than-accessible campground facilities. However, sometimes these were embarrassing for me, such as people coming into the toilet block when I had to leave my wheelchair in the doorway of a toilet cubicle because it wouldn’t fit through the door, so the cubicle door had to stay open. As a result of my 30 years of camping experience I’ve put together this list of nine things that can make a campground less-than-accessible for a wheelchair user. Where there is a lip or step up into facilities like kitchens and toilets. Doors that are too heavy or doorknobs that are too high to reach from a wheelchair. Benches, sinks and surfaces that are too high. Appliances and cooking facilities, like the oven or microwave, that are out of reach. Soap dispensers and hand driers that are installed too high to reach. Doors that pull in towards a wheelchair user are tricky. Steep ramps up into facilities. Facilities that are too far away from the area where people are camping. Spaces inside facilities that are too small or cramped to move around in a wheelchair. But as I have already mentioned, disabled people are not a homogeneous group and have differing needs. Physical access is only a challenge for some of us. It would be great to hear from other disabled people who camp about what they enjoy about camping and their stories of camping. ◊ Images ©2024 Graham Leslie More Rueben, Lynne and Charlie’s camping story Dannevirke campground goes accessible Making a campsite accessible involves more than installing accessible toilets Up Up 10 Summer 2024 , p 24

8 Winter 2024 8 Winter 2024 BUY AUTHOR INDEX AUTHORS Click on image for full view and caption Fire circle ©2024 Bette Cosgrove Fire circle ©2024 Bette Cosgrove Fire circle ©2024 Bette Cosgrove Fire circle ©2024 Bette Cosgrove Fire circle ©2024 Bette Cosgrove Fire circle Bette Cosgrove Fire circle on a still Autumn night. Magical. 
 ©2024 Bette Cosgrove Up Up 8 Winter 2024 , p 9

Winter 2025 ISSUE 12 BUY PDF ToC Click on image for full view and caption chilly_H_miranda.webp chilly-miranda-3.jpg chilly-kevin-miranda 2.jpg chilly-miranda-1.jpg chilly-miranda-5.jpg chilly-miranda-4.jpg chilly-kevin-miranda 3.jpg chilly-kevin-miranda.jpg chilly-kevin-awning.jpg chilly-kevin-awning 2.jpg GO TO CHILLY CHILLY CHILLY OUT THERE Winter at Miranda Holiday Park Lorraine Middleton Scone mix is made, hope it’s enough, lol. Paddle boards mended. Games sorted. Togs packed. Marshmallow toasting etc after dinner. Breakfast… pancakes, fried bananas, bacon and topped with maple syrup. Dinner MID winter: Under the awning. ©2025 Lorraine Middleton Up Up 12 Winter 2025 , p 13

6 Summer 2023 6 Summer 2023 BUY AUTHOR INDEX AUTHORS Click on image for full view and caption Bivvy Who is advocating for New Zealanders who go camping? Miriam Richardson There are three national groups that speak to government and councils on behalf of New Zealand campers: the All Points Camping Club of NZ, the NZ Motorcaravan Association (NZMCA) , and the Responsible Campers Association. Each of these has a different approach. The All Points Camping Club of NZ The All Points Camping Club supports all forms of camping in New Zealand. Their focus is on New Zealanders getting out and enjoying their country. They support tents, poptops, teardrops, tramping, motorhomes, vans, roof-top tents, car camping: if you can camp in or with it, they support it. They also support Leave no trace and Tiaki: Care for New Zealand : taking care of the environment in which we camp is as important as any vehicle certification. They host family camps, see the Events section for the camps currently on the calendar. Their membership is very much smaller than NZMCA, but it is much broader, as it includes campers other than those with motor caravans. The club is run by volunteers. The All Points Camping Club is associated with NZ Lifestyle Camping Ltd, which has a network of certification officers through the country (see the business section). All Points also participated in the talks with the government while the law was being drafted and continues to work with the government’s agents who are attempting to bring the current inadequate law into force with the new form of self-containment. Many volunteer hours are called for. The Responsible Campers Association The Responsible Campers Association places the onus on the people, not the mode of camping, it is, after all, people who are either responsible or not, regardless of the facilities their vehicle has. They offer education, a test, and a certificate for individuals to prove they understand self-containment. This approach has, sadly, gained little traction with government or councils. The NZ Motorcaravan Association The NZMCA is primarily concerned with the needs of its members. It has strongly advocated for vehicle certification for self-containment, and has a national group of volunteer officers carrying out the certification checks. With over 100,000 members, NZMCA has a big voice with government and councils, it participated as the new laws were considered and participates now as they are being enacted. It continues to support the use of portable toilets and is now changing its own rules to allow members with portable toilets to still use their parks. With a big membership and relatively high annual fees, it is a wealthy club and as well as volunteer board members has a team of people employed who work alongside the board to do this advocacy work. NZMCA members have four advantages not shared by the wider camping public: (1) they mostly have larger vehicles that can accommodate fixed toilets, (2) they are better off, (3) they have a network of parks around the country, and (4) they have enough members to get big discounts at the Department of Conservation campsites. This means NZMCA members are much less restricted if they are barred from using freedom camps. NZMCA does speak on behalf of the wider camping public, but their primary focus is the needs of their members. So, those are the three organisational voices talking with government. There are other camping groups supporting their members to camp; there are others with campsites their members can share. But there are only these three engaging with the government on behalf of New Zealanders who camp. Fishing. ©2023 Darkmoon Angler Johnson Making your voice heard Do you want the government to listen to your needs as a New Zealander who camps? Make your voice heard with the NZMCA if you are a member. Throw your support behind the All Points Camping Club and get a voice for all campers heard by government. Do both. Talk to your local politicians about the impact of the new laws on your camping experience, and on your enjoyment of our country. The better they understand, the better their decision-making can be. “What do you get when you join the All Points Camping Club?” someone asked this month. They were thinking discounts, campsites, camping events. And yes, the club offers those too. But the biggest thing you get, that you cant get anywhere else, is a voice talking to the government on behalf of all campers. If you want campers’ voices heard, join up. Its priceless. Well, membership has a cost, $35, but it is a very small price for the work these volunteers do on our behalf. Add your support: join up. From Northland to Southland and All Points in between “What do you get when you join All Points Camping?” he asked. You get a voice (as well as the other things) More on Freedom camping and self-containment: The freedom camping law needs to change Self-containment certification: which one is yours? What to do? Upgrade? Wait? Editorial — Caught in the middle Who is advocating for NZers who camp? There’s no need to rush this summer NZ’s independent national network for certification Up Up 6 Summer 2023 , p 10

2 Summer 2022 2 Summer 2022 BUY AUTHOR INDEX AUTHORS Click on image for full view and caption Athol The campsite at Athol was basic but attractive. The kitchen was a small hut with a sink, toaster and fridge, so I cooked outside on my own stove. Part of the camp was set up for campervans, with each site assigned a small hut, with toilet, shower and basin as an en-suite. ©2022 Stephen Wood A snack stops at Garston Coffee Bomb, Garston. ©2022 Stephen Wood The road from Kingston to Frankton The road from Kingston to Frankton is one which many believe is too dangerous to cycle, but with less traffic due to covid restrictions and keeping a good eye out for vehicles ahead and behind it was manageable. ©2022 Stephen Wood Queenstown I decided to head into central Queenstown to look for a few bits and pieces. It was certainly quieter than I’d seen it for years, but still plenty of shopping and food options. ©2022 Stephen Wood Heading up the Crown Range Setting out from Arrowtown, I used Tobin’s track to bypass the zigzag at the bottom of the Crown Range road, but there is still plenty of climbing to do after rejoining the road. It’s a long winding climb, and even though I could ride much of it, a loaded bicycle is pretty slow and wobbly at low speed. I decided that my safety was a lot better if I walked, especially around blind left-handed corners as I could be further to the left, with my bike between me and the traffic. The Crown Range Monument With the sealing of the last part of the road in 2000, the Crown Range Pass, at 1076m, became the highest sealed road in New Zealand. The first Europeans crossed the pass in 1850 and the first tourists crossed it in horse-drawn wagons in 1877. ©2022 Stephen Wood The summit, Crown Range It’s always an achievement to get to a road summit — it was the first time I’d cycled this one from the south. ©2022 Stephen Wood Wanaka The downhill from the Crown Range Summ it was wonderful, with a café stop at Cardrona and a relaxed arrival in Wanaka, where I decided to camp at one of the campgrounds to allow another grocery top-up. Approaching the neck between Lakes Hawea & Wanaka ©2022 Stephen Wood Haast Pass Summit From Cameron Flat it was a relatively short haul up to the Summit of Haast Pass/ Tioripatea. The descent however is steep, and requires care on a loaded bike, including checks for brakes overheating. Gate of Haast bridge ©2022 Stephen Wood Knights Point The first day took me past the steep bluffs around Knights Point and gentler coastal terrain to a DOC campsite at Lake Paringa, giving me plenty of a time for an afternoon excursion up the road to check out the nearest café, 18km away. ©2022 Stephen Wood West past road through the bush ©2022 Stephen Wood Handlebars The rear vision mirror on the right shows me the traffic coming up behind me. ©2022 Stephen Wood West Coast bridge ©2022 Stephen Wood The pub in Hari Hari is set up for campervan stays. ©2022 Stephen Wood Tile garden in Hari Hari ©2022 Stephen Wood Cycle touring: Part II, Southland to the West Coast Stephen Wood After my ride from Canterbury to Southland, the next step was to continue my clockwise circuit of the Island. I left from Lorneville, in Otago, heading north. Winton was a good opportunity to stock up on a few groceries before lunch in Dipton and carrying on to Lumsden. I researched where the overnight stop might be, and settled on getting to Athol, which was a long enough day, such that there weren’t any cafés or shops open when I arrived. The campsite at Athol was basic but attractive. The kitchen was a small hut with a sink, toaster and fridge, so I cooked outside on my own stove. Part of the camp was set up for campervans, with each site assigned a small hut, with toilet, shower and basin as an en-suite. An early, foggy start in Athol soon cleared and I found snack stops in both Garston and Kingston. I enjoyed the landscape, suggestive of the much larger river that once drained Lake Wakatipu before the Kawerau River captured that role. The road from Kingston to Frankton is one which many believe is too dangerous to cycle, but with less traffic due to covid restrictions and keeping a good eye out for vehicles ahead and behind it was manageable. I decided to head into central Queenstown to look for a few bits and pieces. It was certainly quieter than I’d seen it for years, but still plenty of shopping and food options. Because my next day was going to be a big one, I headed out via Arthurs Point to Arrowtown to camp there. Setting out from Arrowtown, I used Tobin’s track to bypass the zigzag at the bottom of the Crown Range road, but there is still plenty of climbing to do after rejoining the road. It’s a long winding climb, and even though I could ride much of it, a loaded bicycle is pretty slow and wobbly at low speed. I decided that my safety was a lot better if I walked, especially around blind left-handed corners as I could be further to the left, with my bike between me and the traffic. It’s always an achievement to get to a road summit — it was the first time I’d cycled this one from the south. Of course the downhill was wonderful, with a café stop at Cardrona and a relaxed arrival in Wanaka, where I decided to camp at one of the campgrounds to allow another grocery top-up. Next day I was heading off past Albert Town, the first time I’d come across a one-way bridge with traffic lights and a cyclists’ push-button to switch them, and then on to Hawea and beyond. There was a reasonably strong nor’westerly slowing me down. After a lunch stop on the road and then a café stop in Makarora, I headed to the DOC campground at Cameron Flat. Despite some publicity about DOC campsites needing to be pre-booked, so far I have found that you can still just turn up and pay at an honesty box, as long as the site isn’t full! The site is close to the Blue Pools, a scenic hotspot with an upgraded car park. From Cameron Flat it was a relatively short haul up to the Summit of Haast Pass/ Tioripatea. The descent however is steep, and requires care on a loaded bike, including checks for brakes overheating. Once down on the river flats it was easy going until Haast, apart from navigating around several road crews working on sections of an optic fibre link. Although there were camping options in Haast I upgraded myself to a backpackers hotel and a pub dinner. Fox Glacier is a 120km away and I decided that although I can do that distance in a day, that I’d split it into two easier days. The first day took me past the steep bluffs around Knights Point and gentler coastal terrain to a DOC campsite at Lake Paringa, giving me plenty of a time for an afternoon excursion up the road to check out the nearest café, 18km away. An early start the next day got me to Fox Glacier township, where I was expecting another welfare visit from my wife Robyn in our campervan. Because she was planning to shadow me for a couple of days, this meant I could tackle the up and down road to Franz Joseph as well as the next hump, called Mount Hercules, without my panniers. That got us to Hari Hari where the pub was set up for campervan stays and we had time to look around the town. The next day’s forecast carried a heavy rain warning, but I was determined to keep going. We had a cuppa stop together in Ross where Robyn reported that the campervan had a worrying roof leak. I did start riding towards Hokitika, but thinking about both my safety on the road when every passing vehicle was lifting a cloud of road spray, the forecast, that suggested the next several days would also be wet, and that the last leak on our campervan had caused a lot of electrical damage, I decided to call a halt to my ride and help Robyn get the campervan home to Canterbury. I wasn’t sure if this was going to be the end of my ride around the island or not. 9 days riding, 707 km. Up Up 2 Summer 2022 , p 9

10 summer 2024 Summer 2024 ISSUE 10 BUY PDF ToC Click on image for full view and caption GO TO Springing bring the tent, bring the kids The All Points Camping Club of NZ ALL POINTS CAMPING CLUB of NZ We are proud to sponsor this issue of Camping the Kiwi Way Brought to you by NZ’s inclusive, friendly, camping club, for your reading pleasure. Family membership to the All Points Camping Club gives you: ✶ Membership support ✶ Friendly, inclusive camping events ✶ Nationwide savings ✶ Lobbying support for campers’ rights. You don’t have to have a self-contained vehicle to join. You don’t have to be a member to come to our events. It’s more than just a club, it’s like one big family. Come along to one of our events near you.Bring the tent, bring the kids. Image: ©2024 Margaret Earle Join now only $35NZ’s national camping club Join here: www.allpointscampingnz.org ✶ When the benefits far exceed the cost you’d be crazy not to take it up. ✶ Our values: compassion, inclusion, support and encouragement Top image: Motukarara, Canterbury. ©2022 Linda Butler. Up Up 10 Summer 2024 , p 48

4 Winter 2023 Winter 2023 ISSUE 4 BUY PDF CONTENTS Up I am on track Andrew Morton Up I am on track with my original goal of 100 nights per year & mountain bike as much as I can in other regions. Teardrop. © 2023 Andrew Morton Up Up 1/0 ISSN 2815-827X (Online) | ISSN:2815-8261 (Print) editor@campingthekiwiway.org

11 autumn 2025 11 autumn 2025 BUY AUTHOR INDEX AUTHORS Click on image for full view and caption Full time for 20 odd years One thing I learnt after travelling full time for 20 odd years. It doesn't matter so much where you are, as long as you are present where you are. ©2025 Rv and Tiny House Living NZ Full time for 20 odd years ©2025 Rv and Tiny House Living NZ Full time for 20 odd years ©2025 Rv and Tiny House Living NZ One thing I learnt 20-odd years Fran One thing I learnt after travelling full-time for 20 odd years: It doesn’t matter so much where you are, as long as you are present where you are. Mind you, I still struggle with that at times, wanting nature and just the sounds of nature. lol. FB: facebook.com/rvandtinyhouselivingnz YouTube: ckw.nz/tiny-youtube©2025 Rv and Tiny House Living NZ Up Up 11 autumn 2025 , p 29

8 Winter 2024 8 Winter 2024 BUY AUTHOR INDEX AUTHORS Click on image for full view and caption favourite tips and tricks for cold Winter tips from our previous issues Editor Winter tips never go out of date... Winter’s here… Here’s a few favourite tips and tricks for keeping warm, dealing with cold, wind, rainy days, and embracing the colder months outdoors. ckw.nz/winter-tips Photo © 2023 Bette Cosgrove TIPS for the cold Camping in the winter (tent or van) needs to be pretty organised and good gear is needed. I do most things, from being out and about in my van to tramping and snow-holeing. ckw.nz/tips-cold Photo ©2022 Daniel Munro More cold season tips Sharing our best hacks which made life so much easier on a recent Matariki vanning trip. ckw.nz/tips-cold-more Photo ©2024 Bette Cosgrove Insulation: Preparing for the cold winter “brrrrrr’s” Darn, we could only get the new heater up to 10ºC on that night, and woke to a -3ºC frost. Eventually we were told the poor insulation and many windows in the bus were the problem. ckw.nz/brrrr Photo ©2023 Linda Butler Pegs for tough weather A commercial and a DIY (metal) version of a peg for windy weather. ckw.nz/pegs-for-wind . Photo ©2023 M Richardson A stove jack Best mod for camping so far, a stove jack sewn into the awning. ckw.nz/stove-jack Photo ©2023 Keil MacDiarmid It was cold at Mavora Lakes I think the Mrs thought I was a bit crazy suggesting a night away in the van this time of year. ckw. ckw.nz/mavora-cold Photo ©2022 Daniel Munro Up Up 8 Winter 2024 , p 31